In Persian Carpets, tying a short length of yarn around two adjacent warp strands so that .he ends of the yarn protrude upwards and form the surface (pile) of the carpet creates the pile.
This process is referred to as knotting. The proximity and density of the knots contribute to e fineness and the long wear of the carpet.
ith more knots, the pattern and design of the carpet are highlighted.
In the Persian Carpet weaving two main types of knots are used, the Ghiordes Knot or urkish) and the Senneh

(Persian) Knot. Each has it own advantages and disadvantages and in practice both are considered equally good and the choice of the knot does effect the overall quality of the carpet.

In the 11th century, a Turkish tribe, the Seljuks conquered Persia. They brought their tradition of carpet - weaving   and were hugely influential in the development of the Persian carpet. They introduced the distinctive turkish knot. In this knot, also known as the "Ghiordes" knot, the yarn is wrapped twice around two adjacent warp threads and the ends are drawn out between these two threads. The other main knot used for pile rugs is the original Persian or "Senneh" knot.

Ghiordes or Turkish knot

The knot is formed by looping the pile yarn across two warp strands and then drawing each end back throuqh the inside of both the warps.
This type of knotting produces extremely compact carpets. The Turkish knot is used in north-western parts of Iran, mostly by the tribes and in the provinces of Azarbaijan, kordestan, Kerrnanshahan, Harnedan and Zanjan.

Senneh or Persian knot

The knot is formed by looping the pile yarn through warp strands and then drawing back
• rough one.      
I s also referred to as "asymmetrical" knot, because the pile yarn may' be drawn to either the right or left of the warp strands.
The Persian knot is mostly used in Eastern, South Eastern and the Central Provinces of Iran and in the cities of Mashhad, Yazd, Kerman, Arak, Ghom, Esfahan, Kashan and Tehran.

Jofti knot

It's a fraudulent knot used by some dishonest weavers.
he knot is produced by tying the pile yarn around four or six warps strands rather than he customary two. It improves the speed at which the carpet is woven but result in poor structure and is less compact and durable.

Finesses of knotting

This refers to the number of knots in length is referred to as (Raj) viz a 50 (Raj) carpet has ." length 50 knots in every seven centimetres. In some weaving centres of Iran, one of which is Azerbaijan, the counting is done on an area of 49 square centimetres (7x7 cm)but in reality the best method is to multiply the counted knots on the surface of the carpet in one square centimetre.
If the carpet is woven accurately and with precision the number of knots in length and width should usually be the same but it often happens that the number of knots along warp is more than along the weft.
The number of knots is one of the main indicators of the fineness of a carpet. The higher the number of knots per square metre, the finer the weave is considered to be.